---------------------------------------------------------- LT0 - Linear Tape Open Manufacturers of LTO Ultrium tape drives: Certance(Seagate), Hewlett-Packard, and IBM Manufacturers of LTO Ultrium tape cartridges: Fuji, Maxell, Imation, Sony, TDK, EMTEC, and Verbatim System and server OEMs using LTO Ultrium technology: ADIC, Dell, Exabyte, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Overland Storage, PeAk Storage, StorageTek, Sun Microsystems, Tandberg Data, Plasmon IDE, Fujitsu Siemens, Fujitsu, NEC, Qualstar, Grau, and ATL Format Generation ULTRIUM: LTO Ultrium Generations Capacity (GB) TransferRate (MB/s) Spec Vendor Gen 1 100/200 10-20 15 - 30 Gen 2 200/400 20-40 35 - 70 Gen 3 400/800 40-80 80 - 160 Gen 4 800/1600 80-160 160 - 320 35MB/s == 126 GB/hr 20MB/s == 72 GB/hr 6MB/s == 22 GB/hr ---------------------------------------------------------- type capacity throughput native/comp native/comp GB MB/s SAIT-1 500/1300 78/300 ait-3 100/260, 12/31 ait-2 50/130, 6/15.6 ait-1 35, 3/6 sdlt320 160/320, 15/32 sdlt220 110/220, 11/22 dlt8000 40/80 6/12 dlt7000 35/70 5/10 dlt4000 20/40 dlt2000xt 15/30 dlt2000 10/20 dlt600 6 dlt260 2.6 dlt1 40 3 8mm 3590 H1A 60/180, 14/42 9940B 200/400-600 30/70 Exabyte_Mammoth_2 60 12 8mm dds1 2/4 4mm dds2 4/8 4mm dds3 8/10 4mm dds4 10/20 3 4mm DAT 72 72 DAT 160 160 12 4mm Old and new tape tech DLT: SDLT320 is best, others slow or dead AIT: AIT-4, AIT-3, others dead or too slow (3 is almost too slow) STek: 9940B LTO: LTO2, LT01 is old LTO has 65MB buffer in the tape drive has servo track on tape so heads always have an alignment track see redbook.com for article on LTO from IBM WORM EMC Centerra: disk worm Stek L180/9940B AIT has Worm -------------------------------------------------------------- Models Vendor Model Drives Slots Cap Expand ftprt Density Types ADIC 1000 1-48 118-1182 375TB yes 4 ? LTO1/2,sdlt220/320/dlt8000,ait-2/3 i2000 1-96 100-2232 yes 4 720psm LTO1/2,sdlt320,ait-3 ait-96, others 48 10k 648 700-5000/22,938 yes 4/2 ? ? LTO,ait,sdlt/dlt/3590 LTO&sdlt-48 exp:324 dr lto2 9582 slots, 1,915.4TB ait-96 exp:648 15885 slots ait3 1588.5TB 3590-24 exp:104 7738 slots, 464.2TB san enabled aml/j LARGE for mixed types of tapes in same unit does all types - CDs too aml/2 GIGANTIC for mixed types of tapes in same unit does all types - CDs too Stek 9310 80 6000 1.2PB yes ? 9840[a/b], 9940[a/b] L5500 80 5500 1PB LT02 & 9X40 L700e 40 1340 (2frames) 271TB ? ? LTO2 HP ESL9595SL 16 400-595 190TB yes ? SDLT/LTO 64 - 2278 (4 unit) 1.73 TB/hr 119 TB cap IBM 3584 72 2400 ~1PB yes ? LTO2 Spectra Logic Spectra 64K 32 645 168TB ? ? AIT (LTO on roadmap) Overland Data Neo 44000 16 240 96TB ? ? LTO2 (and [S]DLT) Quantum ATL P7000 80 2394 479TB 5max yes LTO2 (and [S]DLT) load slots 8 for LTO 10,080 GB/hr --------------------------------------------------- How much tape do you need DLTtape.com gives some practical formulas to assist companies in determining how much tape they need depending, of course, on the tape capacity your company has standardized on. TAPES FOR STORAGE Xs = D * T * S * R + N Xs = number of tapes per year for storage D = number of backup drives T = number of tapes in the media set S = number of sets in rotation R = number of rotation schedules per year TAPES FOR ARCHIVE Xa = T * S * A Xa = number of tapes per year for archiving T = number of tapes required to copy each server S = number of servers A = number of archive sets per year TAPES FOR DISASTER RECOVERY Xr = T * S * R Xr = number of tapes per year for recovery T = number of tapes per server (from above) S = number of servers (from above) R = number of disaster recovery sets required TOTAL ANNUAL TAPE REQUIREMENTS X = Xs + Xa + Xr + R X = total number of tapes per year Xs = number of tapes per year for storage (from above) Xa = number of tapes per year for archiving (from above) Xr = number of tapes per year for recovery (from above) R = number of new replacements for tapes retired --------------------------------------------------- Tape Media Formats DLT: Ranges in capacity from 10GB native/20GB compressed (DLT III) to 40GB native/80GB compressed (DLT IV). The older DLT III tapes have a shelf life of more than 20 years, while the latest DLT IV technology extends the life of the tape to more than 30 years. All DLT tapes are readable by the latest SDLT tape drive technology. SDLT: Represents the current generation of DLT tapes. The SDLT 220 has a capacity of 110GB native/220GB compressed while the latest SDLT tape cartridge--the SDLT 320--holds 160GB native/320 compressed. The SDLT 320 media supports compressed transfer rates of up to 32MB/s and SDLT tape drives are capable of reading, but not writing to, older DLT tape media. SDLT tape media also have a life expectancy of more than 30 years. DLT and SDLT have combined to sell over 90 million cartridges and two million tape drives. LTO Ultrium: Jointly designed by HP, IBM, and Seagate and is a relative newcomer to the tape space, first being introduced in 2000. The most current product shipping supports 200GB native/400GB compressed, supporting a tape drive throughput speed of 35MB/s native and 70MB/s compressed. IBM estimates a shelf life of up to 30 years for LTO Ultrium tapes and has already shipped over five million LTO cartridges in just a little over three years. AIT: First introduced into the market in 1996 with three formats currently available on the market: AIT-1, AIT-2 and AIT-3. AIT-3 natively supports drive capacities of 100GB and with a higher than average industry compression rate of 2.6:1, gives it a compressed capacity of 260GB. It offers a transfer rate of 12MB/s native, 31MB/s compressed. Next-generation tapes: Brings still higher capacities and faster throughput to the marketplace. The SDLT 600 tape cartridges are due out Q4 of 2003 with compressed capacities of 600GB and 64MB/s throughput rates. The 2006 forecast for the SDLT 2400 anticipates over 200MB/s throughput and 2TB of data compressed on a single tape media. Both LTO Ultrium and AIT include similar high transfer rates and media storage forecasts in their roadmap over the next one to three years. For instance, SAIT-1--released February 2003 by Sony--became the first tape media to break the 1TB barrier with the ability to store 1.3TB compressed (assuming a 2.6:1 ratio) on a single tape. Sony anticipates tape library solutions from vendors such as Qualstar will possibly be available as soon as spring 2003 to support this new format. --------------------------------------------------------------