Networking - Operating System Specifics 18 Nov 1998 Systems Configuration/Administration Tools AIX 4.3 - smit HP-UX 10.20 - sam Sun Solaris 2.5 - admintool Note that this has limited capabilities and is X-Window based. DG-UX 4.2 - sysadm NT 4.0 - Control Panel, User Manager for Domains, Server Manager, etc. Permanent Static Routes AIX 4.3 Permanent static routes can be defined using SMIT. HP-UX 10.20 Only the default route can be defined in SAM. All other permanent static routes are stored in /etc/rc2.config.d/netconf using a 5 line template. Sun Solaris 2.5 Permanent static default route(s) is/are stored in /etc/defaultrouter Non-default routes that need to be permanent can be activated by adding an S* script to /etc/rc2.d directory. NT 4.0 Default route defined in Control Panel. Additional routes are defined using the route command. Permanent routes are added using the -p option of the route command. Time Synchronization There are 2 protocols for time synchronization: time (TCP & UDP port 37) and ntp (TCP & UDP 123). The time protocol is old and should only be used over LANs. The ntp protocol is very accurate, even over WANs and is currently on version 3. Generally, NTP servers won't synchronize if the difference between local and network time is greater than 10 minutes. NTP behavior is controlled using the file /etc/ntp.conf. AIX 4.1.3 and lower Time client: setclock Time server: runs by default Does not have NTP. AIX 4.1.4 and higher NTP server: xntpd NTP client: xntpdc SNTP client: ntpdate The xntpd daemon can be started & stopped in SMIT. You can force synchronization using ntpdate. The xntpd daemon's configuration file is /etc/ntp.conf. HP-UX 10.20 and higher NTP server: xntpd NTP client: ntpq SNTP client: ntpdate The xntpd daemon can be started, stopped, and configured in SAM. You can force synchronization using ntpdate. The xntpd daemon's configuration file is /etc/ntp.conf. Solaris 2.5 and higher Time client: rdate Time server: runs by default Does not have NTP (as far as I can tell). NT 4.0 Does not have NTP or Time protocol capability yet. Uses proprietary method to sync time between Windows systems with command "net time \\reference_computer /y /s". Shareware and public domain software available for NTP. Host Name Resolution Order There are generally three methods (i.e. name services) used to resolve hostnames to IP addresses: /etc/hosts, DNS, and NIS. The order in which these are referenced can be controlled as noted below. AIX 4.3 Set NSORDER environment variable Edit /etc/netsvc.conf file Edit /etc/irs.conf HP-UX Use SAM or edit /etc/nsswitch Solaris Edit /etc/nsswitch Note that Solaris likes to have no blank lines in /etc/hosts and /etc/networks, prefers the host file be consulted first, and that the official host name entry in the /etc/hosts have an alias of "loghost". Otherwise, netmask settings don't hold over reboots. The /etc/netmasks file contains the class based network number (e.g. 12.0.0.0; Class A) and the locally applicable netmask (255.255.254.0). NT 4.0 Not sure. It always references the \winnt\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file. It will reference DNS if a DNS server is configured in Control Panel. WINS and \winnt\system32\drivers\etc\lmhosts file may also be referenced too, even though they are for NETBIOS name resolution, not host name resolution. PPP Server (dial-in) Setup AIX 4.1.5 and later Use smit ppp HP-UX 10.20 Edit files (ppl.ipool, ppl.remotes, ppl.users) in /etc/ppl directory. Solaris 2.51 Edit /etc/aspppd.cf NT 4.0 Install RAS service using Control Panel - Network - Services. This provides a bridging or proxy ARP setup. If full fledge routing is desired, will need to uninstall RAS and install Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) update (included in NT 4 SP4). List Network Interfaces AIX, HP-UX, Solaris netstat -i NT netstat -r (or the Control Panel/Network/Adapters) Show Network Interface Settings AIX, HP-UX, Solaris ifconfig interface_name NT ipconfig [/all] Win95/98 winipcfg Show Routing Table AIX, HP-UX, Solaris netstat -r [n] There should be at least one route for the immediate LAN. The flags column provide route status and type information (Up, Gateway, Host, and Dynamic). Each route is associated with a specific interface. Dynamic routing protocols supported are RIP (routed) or RIP/EGP/BGP/HELLO/OSPF/SNMP (gated). Sun is limited to RIP (in.routed) and RDISC (router discovery). NT, Win95/98 route print Win95/98 doesn't do dynamic routing. Without RRAS applied, NT doesn't do dynamic routing. During dial-up network sessions, the default route is temporarily altered. If RRAS is installed, use the RRAS Admin tool to manage routing. Note that 127.x.x.x is loopback and 224.x.x.x is for multicasting and should not be removed from the routing table.